Sunday
Jul102016

Making “Ais Krim” Wouldn’t be a Piece of Cake By Francis Mola

 Kolar in Southern  Karnataka, where I was a volunteer for two and a half years, had two seasons, the warm season and the warmer season. Because there was no need, there wasn’t a word for ice or snow or any form of precipitation other than rain in Kannada, or any of the other languages of that part of India. Mani my house keeper woke me at dawn one day, excited and eager to show me “snow”.  Snow?  Not quite awake, I put on a pair of shorts and a t-shirt and stumbled into my sandals.  We bicycled out to the Madras Road where there was a patch of bristly grass in front of the Traveler’s Bungalow left uneaten by the roaming cows and goats that chewed anything unguarded down to the roots.  “Look Francis “snow” Mani exclaimed with the same enthusiasm I had when I looked out of the window after a winter storm, knowing that school would be canceled because of unplowed roads and stuck busses.  He   was disappointed when I explained that what he called snow, was just a rare occurrence of dew that sparkled silver in the glow of the rising sun, and another example of “lost in translation.”

One of the stray dogs that roamed the village was a regular visitor to our cottage and pressed its snout against our screen door every day at dinner time. We called her “Amma” meaning mother or aunt in Kannada, because by the looks of her belly she always seemed to be suckling a litter of pups. Mani gave her the scraps of caked rice that were left at the bottom of the pot and I was reminded of an old girlfriend’s Golden Retriever. The family named it Hampshire because when she was little she wanted a hamster, a “hampshire” as she mispronounced it, but got a puppy instead. Hamp began unexplainably disappearing every evening. The answer came when a neighbor saw him outside a Mr. Softee Ice Cream stand on the nearby Post Road doing tricks for the customers. He rolled over on his back and then sat pretty with both paws up waiting for his reward. They called him Hamp the Champ after that. My chain of thought led me to that unusual dog and then on to ice cream, and for the remainder of the evening and in the days that followed, ice cream was my obsession. The closest substitute for ice cream was kulfi, sweetened, condensed ice milk that you could order at Koshy’s, one of the better restaurants in Bangalore 50 miles away. It was admittedly tasty but while I was in the claws of the ice cream demon, even by lax standards, I felt that kulfi would just be a placebo and not the real thing. Under the heading “Food You Will Miss,” in the “Peace Corps Volunteer’s Survival Manual,” my diary and personal handbook full of tongue in cheek advice and anecdotes, I had written that, “if you get ice cream cravings they should  be taken seriously.” I had recurring fantasies about, gooey sundaes in boat shaped dishes, floating on rivers of chocolate sauce, smothered in whipped cream, garnished with chopped nuts and adorned with maraschino cherries. I imagined silky double scoops in waffle cones dipped in brightly colored sprinkles, and ice cream sandwiches where the soft vanilla middle had melted to just the right consistency between the thin chocolate biscuits that enfolded it.   When mirages of Rocky Road, Cherry Vanilla and Strawberry Swirl appeared, I knew it was time to act, the only solution being to make a batch. A half-gallon would be a good start, and I added a note to my handbook “making ice cream wasn’t going to be a piece of cake.” 

Mani was an excellent cook and our table was often a gathering place for the other volunteers in the district. He made mostly vegetarian dishes, rice or chapatti with a spicy sambar made from lentils or vegetables, or occasionally a curry made from chicken or mutton. Refrigeration was nonexistent, so he purchased all the ingredients fresh for every meal. Once when I had a craving for peanut butter, probably in part a physiological need to supplement a protein deficiency in my diet, and in part a longing for something familiar, he bought raw peanuts, one of the staple crops of Kolar, shelled them and then roasted them in a pan over a kerosene burner. Good natured Mani, never quite knowing what strange requests to expect, ground them into a thick paste with the granite mortar and pestle that was built into the polished cement floor of the kitchen.  Before I took a spoonful I had to blend the oil that rose to the top because it wasn’t homogenized, but when it was stirred and salted it was excellent; without the preservatives, stabilizers, sweeteners and softeners it was as organic as you could get. However, having no additives and consequently not much of a shelf life, every batch had to be eaten the same day as it was made. When I spread it on a warm chapatti with a slice of fried banana, it was a delicacy. Making peanut butter was relatively easy. Making ice cream wasn’t alchemy either: in fact it was fairly simple if you had cream, eggs and sugar, ice or a freezer. However if you didn’t, and had to go searching for them in an arid landscape in 90 degree heat, the logistics involved would be an exercise in ingenuity, resourcefulness and perseverance. Luckily these were just the qualities that PCV’s were recruited for, and the fulcrums that were the pivot points of our everyday lives.

I could get two of the three main ingredients in Kolar, sugar and eggs. I would need white refined sugar instead of the indigenous molasses based jaggery and could get it and the eggs at the open-air stalls in the market. Finding a couple of quarts of cream and the ice to freeze it was going to be a challenge and I realized would require a diligent search.  A thin, hump - backed local cow gave 3 or 4 liters of milk a day with a fat content of three percent.   I did some simple math.  In order to make a half gallon of ice cream I’d have to separate the cream from the milk production of twenty cows simultaneously, which meant I would have to scour the nearby villages early in the morning, before it was skimmed to make ghee and the milk sold to chi stalls or fermented into curds to keep it from going sour. It wasn’t plausible to think that I could gather all that cream locally so I contacted Nilgiris, a grocery store on Brigade Road in Bangalore that catered to Westerners and had their own dairy farm outside the city. I also made an approximate, if somewhat generous, calculation as to how much ice we would need and located a supplier. 

Mani and I started out for Bangalore early on a Saturday morning. I borrowed a hand cranked ice cream machine from an American counsel representative who had taken it with him from the U.S. It was still unused for reasons that would become apparent to me, and in its original carton along with a recipe that was torn out of Good House Keeping Magazine. The machine had a metal bucket that you lined with ice and a paddle that you cranked, whipping air into the cream, sugar and egg mixture and freezing it as it came in contact with the ice lined sides.

When we returned to Kolar we churned and churned some more.  The blocks of ice that we carefully packed in straw and then swathed in thick layers of the Deccan Herald early in the morning were melting fast in the steady heat of the late afternoon. We took turns on the machine, but despite our best efforts, we had difficulty getting our mix to freeze and after an hour, and with our shoulders and biceps aching, we gave up. As close as I came to my elixir was a thick, velvety, chilled but not frozen cream, that had the texture of a Mr. Softee,  far from the tempting ambrosia that I remembered glowing seductively in glass fronted ice cream parlor freezers.   The result was good and satisfying, but much more filling than the commercial stuff that was manufactured from a plethora of synthetic flavorings, emulsifiers, stabilizers, bulking agents, aromas and preservatives. It was a letdown that after toiling all day, pure ice-cream turned out to be too rich for my rice and lentil acclimatized digestive system. My imagined ice cream orgy consisted of just a normal portion before my untrained stomach was full, and it hadn’t occurred to me that there was going to be any left over. Not wanting the rest to go to waste in the daunting heat, Mani and I arranged a spontaneous party for his brood of children. The neighborhood kids that always hung around the workshop or our house didn’t need an invitation, or be summoned by the bells of an ice cream vendor: they appeared intuitively as though they had a sixth sense for excitement.   To a chorus of “ais krim, ais krim,” the kids made quick work of what was left and then I chipped off chunks of the remaining ice block with a ballpeen hammer and steel chisel and gave them some, and for a moment was a scruffy kid again myself, chasing after the milkman’s truck in hopes of getting a piece of ice on a hot summer day.

From the vantage point of hindsight, I would say now that Peace Corps Volunteer’s successes or failures should be judged not just in the measurable things he or she accomplished, but instead in the sum of the small ones. I repaired well blasting equipment and my partner and I left a functioning workshop to carry on after us, but it’s wasn’t only the tangible results of my work that left an impression. At least occasionally, I hope that I touched the hearts of the people I met and interacted with. Ice cream was an anomaly in the dusty world of Kolar’s New Extension, but spoke a universal language that every child understood. 

Saturday
Jul092016

Remembering Life in Hubli, Karnataka by Mary Lou Pass Andrews

Mary Lou (Pass) Andrews and Connie (Sherman) Hankins were assigned to the Mahilavidyapeeth, a boarding school for harijan girls in Hubli, Dharwar District, (Mysore) Karnataka. They arrived in the hot summer of 1963 and left in early 1965. They were part of the Mysore contingent of India III, the third group of Peace Corps Volunteers to India.

To read the full story, click here.

 

 

 

Friday
Apr152016

It opened my eyes by Charles Griffin

It opened my eyes

 

For the first time in my life

I was on my own and alone

Surrounded by people who stared

At me and spoke unknown words

And I was in the past living

In a world that Kipling lived in

With tonga wallahs and fakirs

Bullock carts moving along

On the Grand Trunk Road

 

Yes

 

My front door opened on the side

Of the Grand Trunk Road

And India streamed by

In its multitudes

Through day and night

 

There is no way to describe to you

The smell of cooking fires

Made with camel dung or cow patties

The taste of a chappatti

With flavors of earth and grass

Mixed with golden wheat flour

 

Just as men in armor wearing swords

Clattered by on horseback

So Centurion tanks rumbled by

On long trailers pulled by Lorries

 

War was on the frontier

And the soldier in me

As I had been a year earlier

Was tempted by friendly Jawans

To come and ride with them

Up the Grand Trunk to Pakistan

 

But I had promises made

To a different path and another duty

The affairs of states and the conflicts

Of armies were not my business

 

Hunger breeds despair and strife

And my job was to defeat hunger

To build a different kind of India

And to work for the cause of Peace

 

So I began my days in India

Turning small tasks toward new ways

Building visions and a poultry industry

Unlike anything Punjab State had seen before.

 

My days there were not the beginning

Of the project to change a nation

Other volunteers had started it

I helped it grow into a working model

And others followed to finish the task

 

Although I was alone with 100 farmers

I and the farmers in the cooperative

were cogs in a wheel slowly turning

to a distant and ultimately successful future

 

Adventure was my constant companion

No day went by without new learning

To some degree I became a part of India

As India became a fixed part of me

 

I saw the wheel begin to turn

In this singular thrill I am not alone

Other Peace Corps Volunteers

Must have seen it as well

 

I saw corruption and despair

Kindness among the impoverished

Rigidity among the privileged

And I saw hope becoming more than a dream

And a whole world poured into me

A universe of culture and diversity

Perhaps I placed a single brick

To build the bridge to the future

 

But I was forever changed

Because my eyes were opened.

 

Charles Griffin

After Midnight 1 April 2015

The Sandcastle at Dunehelm

Wednesday
Mar302016

Yet Another Glass of Tea by Fran Mola, India 89 

The wear on our clothes was understandable in as much as they weren’t washed on the gentle cycle.   How the dhobi ever got our dirty laundry clean was one of those mysteries that would always remain unsolved.  Even though he washed everything in a muddy pond, he still managed to get the whites sparkling, and the grease and oil out of the shirts and shorts that we wore in the workshop. He soaked the clothes first and then rubbed them in with a bar of brown Sunlight soap, swung them high over his head, thrashed them against a granite slab and literally pummeled the dirt and the life out of them.  He rinsed them in the same stagnant water that the villagers bathed their animals and themselves in, and then hung them on a line or threw them over a bush to dry under the cloudless sky.  

My threadbare shirts, prematurely abraded by the original stonewash method, needed to be replaced.  In as much as readymade clothing wasn’t available, that meant buying suitable cloth and then having new ones sewn up.  The cloth merchant greeted me with joined fingertips and bowed head. “Namaskara”, and as I stepped into his shop he asked “uta ita?”  “Namaskara, Yes I had eaten,” I replied in Kannada, and looked up at the garland draped portraits of Nehru, J.F.K, and Mahatma Gandhi. “Sit, I’ll send out for tea” he said in the tone of a host that didn’t leave any leeway for a no thank-you.  His assistant pulled up chairs, hopped down from the shop step onto the street and brought back two scratched and dulled glasses on a battered tin tray accompanied by a small packet of Nilgiri´s biscuits. We drank our sweet chai and the merchant barraged me with the familiar questions about America and my work and my family. He was curious because he had heard that Peace Corps Volunteers were CIA agents and even asked me ingenuously if I had a gun.  I explained to him that I wasn’t a CIA agent and that of course I didn’t have a gun. “But all Americans have guns”, he insisted, and I assured him that it was only in the movies. With an enigmatic smile and switching from Kannada to the charming sing-song cadence of Indian English, he continued, "I hear that Americans cook their food on fires and eat outside, and then go inside to make their toilet.  We Indians go to the toilet outside and eat our food in our bungalows. “Yes true,” I agreed, trying not to think of the small piles of excrement that littered the paths and fields every morning before the stray dogs and razorbacks cleaned up.  

Bolts of cloth lay scattered about.   After our tea and conversation, he pulled the rolls out one after the other and showed them, proud of their delicate woven patterns and elaborate prints. I ran my fingers over the fabrics as he explained their unique and special qualities, as though they each had a story or a life. He showed me homespun khadi in cotton and silk and explained the political significance of cottage industries during India's struggle for Home Rule twenty-five years earlier. When it was time to choose some cloth, he was disappointed when I took only the simplest kaki from among all his treasures.   I paid him and thanked him for the lesson in Indian history and tea and more importantly for his hospitality and cycled to the tailor.

Gandhi said that if you went looking for the soul of India you would find it in her villages and towns. I understood that as I made my way through Kolar's milling streets, as usual feeling as though I had fallen through a time warp and had tumbled into another age.  I followed a narrow lane that opened onto a mosaic of shops and stands. I pedaled around and through the crush of bodies, swerving past turbaned men with skin that had the hue of polished mahogany and women in colorful saris, their hair braided or coiled in a tight bun and decorated with a sprig of jasmine.  Sad-eyed cows, past their usefulness and in the Hindu tradition and by local law protected from slaughter, roamed unattended through the warren of dusty lanes foraging for anything edible;  the thatch from low hanging  roofs or discarded  leaf plates that Brahmins ate from would do, or  sometimes they were fed by the pious doing a good deed.  Flocks of monkeys watched intently from the treetops and eves, waiting for an opportunity to swoop down and snatch a mango or a banana from one of the fruit venders who plied their carts through the crowd.  

The tailor's shop was no more than a large shed that opened onto the street. It was decorated with the usual framed portraits draped in garlands of marigolds, almost identical to the cloth merchant’s except that the picture of JFK was replaced by one of the venerated local saint Sai Baba and there was a small shrine with sandalwood incense burning under an image of the four armed deity Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and good fortune. The tailor sat in the middle of a once elegant but battered Victorian dining table, a relic of the British Empire, and the room’s only piece of furniture. His legs were tucked into his dhoti and were folded under him lotus style, his slender arms swinging in graceful arches as he stitched.  His helper sat at a treadle sewing machine, pumping up and down, keeping a soothing, steady rhythm as he moved the cloth under the needle.  Once again as I entered the shop, I was greeted in the traditional South Indian manner with clasped hands and bowed head, “Namaskara Swami, uta ita?” The tailor asked me if I had eaten just as the cloth seller had done an hour earlier.  I replied, “yes” and put my cloth on his table,” Kutombri, sit I will send for tea,” and his helper ran out to the same tea stall and came back with two glasses on the same battered tray.   We talked about America and my work and my family. While we   drank our tea, a young woman approached us with her hand outstretched. She had a thick row of cheap  plastic bangles on her thin wrist, a silver ring piercing one nostril and a freshly painted red and yellow cum-cum on her forehead that accented her otherwise disheveled appearance. She wore a stained and tattered sari and carried a runny-nosed, sleeping infant on her hip.  She pleaded in a whining nasal voice, “appa, appa, bakshis, appa”," father, alms please." The tailor, instead of shooing her away, took out several bronze coins from the pocket of his kurtha, and in a display of empathy that suited his gentle nature, placed them in her palm. “Here sister take these” and he turned to me "it is our duty to be mindful of the poor and give them alms.  It is our responsibility to help them, and in return they teach us humility. If she could choose, this woman would prefer to sit and drink tea like you and I, rather than go clothed in rags and beg for a few paisa. Those coins are the small price we pay to be reminded of our good fortune."

After a while we spoke of my shirts and as he measured me, I asked when they would be ready. Closing his eyes and nodding his head from side to side in the South Indian gesture of affirmation and acquiescence he said "come in a few days and they will be finished.” I came back as we had agreed. The tailor greeted me with a gracious "Namaskara” and his assistant brought a chair from the neighboring shop. He said “kutombri,” sit, and once again we went through the polite formalities of greeting. Again, I answered his questions about my health and family while his assistant went after tea. We sat and chatted and when I saw my cloth exactly where I had left it, I asked about my shirts. “Oh yes, come in two days.” I came back as agreed upon, drank more tea and found my cloth still untouched.  I was yet to learn that tomorrow or soon couldn´t be defined relative to my clock or calendar. When I returned the third time and saw my bundle in the same place, I told the tailor that it might be best to have my shirts sewn someplace else because it seemed as though he had too much to do, but he replied without hesitation, “sit I will send for tea and we will sew them while you wait.”

We were surprised by a precursor to the short monsoon that was a welcome change to the long dry season, a brief rain period that gave hope to the farmers of the perennially drought prone district and brought renewed life to its arid plains.  There was a flash of white light and a crack of thunder. Roiling dark clouds rolled over the jagged hills that bordered the town. The wind whipped rain came without any warning, diagonally, as though it was being cast from buckets. The tailor quickly closed the doors, lit kerosene lamps and worked on in the shadows.  There was a quiet intimacy in the room despite the violence and suddenness of the storm and the staccato pelting of the heavy drops on the tin roof. As the tailor pressed his needle through the double folds of fabric to sew on a button, stressed by my impatience and perhaps working a bit too hurriedly, he pricked a finger and a drop of blood appeared. Without looking up or missing another stitch he continued in silence.

 The rain stopped as abruptly as it had begun. The shutters were opened and life returned to the lanes. I watched as a young boy prodded a herd of buffalo past the shop, their hides still wet and glistening.  Barefoot men and women stepped gingerly around the puddles as the sun broke through the clouds and quickly transformed the sky from a smudged grey, to burnished silver, and then to a luminous blue.

Kolar, Karnataka 1970


Wednesday
Mar302016

Donald Camp: A former Peace Corps volunteer returns to his old haunts decades later

Read Donald Camp's story in the Washington Post.